Health Risk Assessment of Disinfectants and Their By-products and Derivation of Health-based Guideline Values

The general principles and methods used for evaluating the toxicity of chemicals in drinking water-including disinfectants and their by-products-and the derivation of health-based GVs are describes. Toxic chemicals are subdivided into those that are considered to show a threshold (¡.e., a dose below which an effect is not expected) and chemicals for which there is no threshold (i.e., every dose carries some risk).