Redox media alloys function as catalysts to change soluble ferrous cations (positively-charged ions) into insoluble ferric hydroxide, which can be removed with regular backwashing. With enough oxygen dissolved in the water, iron removal rates of 98 percent or better are common.

• Major municipal organization uses KDF 85 granules to effectively remove iron from the ground water at 350 gpm (gallons per minute).

Examples of iron redox reactions with KDF process medium.